Anti-Doping Rule Violations - Definition of Doping

• The Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete’s Sample.

• Use or attempted use by an athlete of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method.

• Refusing or failing without compelling justification to submit to Sample collection after notification as authorized in applicable anti-doping rules or otherwise evading Sample collection.

• Violation of applicable requirements regarding Athlete availability for Out-of-Competition Testing including failure to file required whereabouts information and missed tests which are declared based on rules which comply with the International Standard for Testing. Any combination of three missed tests and/or filing failures within an eighteen-month period as determined by Anti-Doping Organizations with jurisdiction over the Athlete shall constitute an anti-doping rule violation.

• Tampering or Attempted Tampering with any part of Doping Control.

• Possession of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.

• Trafficking or Attempted Trafficking in any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

• Administration or attempted administration to any athlete In-Competition of any Prohibited Method or Prohibited Substance, or administration or attempted administration to any athlete Out-of-Competition of any Prohibited Method or any Prohibited Substance that is prohibited Out-of-Competition, or assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any other type of complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation or any Attempted anti-doping rule violation.